# Kassem_Hejeij #قاسم_حجيج During the Ottoman era, the region of Jabal Amel underwent profound social and economic transformations that significantly influenced its way of life and internal organization. The tribal structure formed the foundation of social and political relations, with tribes playing a central role in daily governance. Tribal leadership relied on customary law linking members through blood ties and clan affiliation, helping maintain relative stability despite the pressures imposed by Ottoman rule. Economically, Jabal Amel relied primarily on agriculture, with crops such as tobacco, olives, grapes, and figs serving as the backbone of its economy. This agricultural activity was not only for local consumption but was also linked to a wide regional trade network. The coastal cities of Tyre and Sidon acted as major commercial hubs connecting Jabal Amel to major cities in the Levant and the Mediterranean, facilitating the export of agricultural produ...
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